Women’s empowerment is a critical concern for long-term development. While several nations have achieved gender equity in primary education, substantial gender disparities persist in higher education, particularly in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Despite an increasing number of women earning advanced degrees, they still represent a disproportionately small percentage of professionals in STEM fields.

This gender gap becomes even more pronounced at senior levels, particularly in academia, where the so-called “leaky pipeline” effect is evident. Although demographic inertia (senior positions reflecting historical gender ratios) may partially explain this phenomenon, it is not the sole cause. The underrepresentation of women in key activities that drive scientific career advancement—such as securing prestigious grants, serving as corresponding authors on peer-reviewed papers, patenting innovations, and actively participating in international conference sessions—further exacerbates this issue.

Participation in conferences and meetings is crucial for professional development, networking, and enhancing visibility within the scientific community. These events are vital for building both scientific and social reputations, as noted in Hinsley’s work. Unfortunately, the gender gap in such opportunities contributes to the broader disparities observed in STEM fields.

In the field of cardiology, these gender disparities are starkly evident. Women constitute only about 4% of interventional cardiologists globally, highlighting a significant gap in representation. However, leaders like Dr. Sarita Rao are making remarkable strides to address this imbalance. Dr. Rao, recognized as one of the best female cardiologist in India, has dedicated her career to not only excelling in her field but also to empowering and mentoring the next generation of women cardiologists.

As the first female Fellowship Director of the International Interventional Cardiology Fellowship (WIN-APSIC) at Apollo Hospitals, Indore, Dr. Rao has mentored numerous national and international fellows, equipping them with the skills and knowledge necessary to thrive in cardiology. Her efforts go beyond mentorship; she actively works to improve women’s representation in cardiology by addressing sociocultural barriers and challenging gender roles that hinder women’s progress.

Dr. Rao has played a pivotal role in nurturing the Women in Cardiology and Related Sciences (WINCARS) society, organizing women-focused meetings, and advocating for increased female leadership in executive roles and as conference speakers. Her tireless work has led to more women pursuing and advancing in cardiology, breaking barriers, and fostering a more inclusive and diverse future in the field.

In recognition of her vast contributions to science and education, Dr. Sarita Rao was invited by the European Society of Cardiology to serve as Co-Chairperson for the EAPCI International Affairs Board. She is the first Indian woman to hold this prestigious position, underscoring her influence and dedication to improving gender equity in cardiology.

Dr. Sarita Rao’s unwavering commitment to education, mentorship, and gender equity is reshaping the landscape of cardiology in India and beyond. Her pioneering efforts are not only elevating the standards of medical practice but are also inspiring a new generation of women cardiologists to pursue their passions and excel in a traditionally male-dominated field. Her work stands as a testament to the progress that can be achieved when women are empowered to lead and innovate.

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